Total Questions: 50 | Time: 1 hour | Marks: 100
Prashant Panwar
SECTION A – BASICS OF TORT LAW
1. The law of torts is based on:
a) Contract
b) Criminal law
c) Common law principles
d) Constitutional law
2. Tort means:
a) Civil wrong
b) Criminal wrong
c) Moral wrong
d) Breach of trust
3. The primary remedy in tort is:
a) Imprisonment
b) Injunction
c) Damages
d) Declaration
4. Volenti non fit injuria means:
a) No harm done to willing person
b) Harm done to unwilling person
c) Act of God
d) Negligence
5. Damnum sine injuria means:
a) Damage without legal injury
b) Legal injury without damage
c) Both damage and injury
d) No remedy
SECTION B – GENERAL DEFENCES
6. Inevitable accident is:
a) Avoidable accident
b) Unavoidable despite due care
c) Caused intentionally
d) Caused by negligence
7. Act of God involves:
a) Natural forces
b) Human fault
c) Intentional act
d) Criminal intention
8. Private defence is a:
a) General defence
b) Strict liability
c) Absolute liability
d) Negligence
9. Necessity is a defence when:
a) Act is intentional
b) Act prevents greater harm
c) Act is malicious
d) Act is illegal
10. Mistake of law:
a) Defence in tort
b) Not a defence
c) Always a defence
d) Defeats liability in negligence
SECTION C – NEGLIGENCE
11. Negligence means:
a) Intentional harm
b) Duty + breach + damage
c) Strict liability
d) Consent
12. Foreseeable harm test is from:
a) Donoghue v. Stevenson
b) Rylands v. Fletcher
c) Ashby v. White
d) Scott v. Shepherd
13. The neighbor principle relates to:
a) Defamation
b) Negligence
c) Nuisance
d) Trespass
14. Res ipsa loquitur means:
a) Thing speaks for itself
b) Let the damages speak
c) Act of God
d) Strict liability
15. Leading case on res ipsa loquitur:
a) Rylands v. Fletcher
b) Donoghue v. Stevenson
c) Scott v. London & St. Katherine Docks
d) Ashby v. White
SECTION D – STRICT & ABSOLUTE LIABILITY
16. Strict liability is from:
a) Donoghue v. Stevenson
b) Rylands v. Fletcher
c) Ashby v. White
d) Ultramares case
17. Absolute liability is from:
a) M.C. Mehta v. Union of India
b) Rylands v. Fletcher
c) Grant v. Australian Knitting Mills
d) Hall v. Brooklands
18. Strict liability requires:
a) Natural use of land
b) Non-natural use of land
c) Criminal intention
d) Consent
19. Exception to strict liability:
a) Act of God
b) Hazardous industry
c) Polluting activities
d) All modern industries
20. Absolute liability differs from strict liability because:
a) It has no exceptions
b) It is for damages
c) It is a statutory duty
d) It is criminal
SECTION E – NUISANCE
21. Nuisance affects:
a) Personal liberty
b) Enjoyment of land
c) Reputation
d) Contractual rights
22. Public nuisance affects:
a) Individuals
b) Public at large
c) Two people
d) Only corporations
23. Private nuisance requires:
a) Special damage
b) Act of God
c) Strict liability
d) Malice
24. Leading case on nuisance:
a) Donoghue v. Stevenson
b) Rylands v. Fletcher
c) Sturges v. Bridgman
d) Ashby v. White
25. Remedy for nuisance includes:
a) Imprisonment
b) Injunction and damages
c) Cancellation
d) Rescission
SECTION F – DEFAMATION
26. Defamation relates to:
a) Reputation
b) Land
c) Physical injury
d) Contract
27. Libel is:
a) Written defamation
b) Spoken defamation
c) Gestural defamation
d) Privileged communication
28. Slander is:
a) Permanent
b) Spoken
c) Written
d) Automated
29. Defence in defamation:
a) Fair comment
b) Malice
c) Threat
d) Silence
30. Defamation must be:
a) True
b) False and published
c) Anonymous
d) Verbal only
SECTION G – TRESPASS & CONVERSION
31. Trespass is:
a) Direct interference
b) Indirect interference
c) No interference
d) Only touching goods
32. Trespass to goods includes:
a) Physical injury to goods
b) Mental harassment
c) Public nuisance
d) Special damages only
33. Conversion means:
a) Wrongful control over goods
b) Noise disturbance
c) Malicious prosecution
d) False imprisonment
34. Defense to trespass:
a) License
b) Malice
c) Slander
d) Defamation
35. False imprisonment requires:
a) Total restraint
b) Partial restraint
c) Verbal threat
d) Malice
SECTION H – Vicarious Liability
36. Vicarious liability arises when:
a) Employer commits tort
b) Employee commits tort during employment
c) Employee is off-duty
d) A stranger commits tort
37. Leading case:
a) Grant v. AK Mills
b) Donoghue v. Stevenson
c) Lloyd v. Grace Smith
d) Ashby v. White
38. “Frolic of his own” rule means:
a) Employer liable always
b) Employer not liable
c) Employee not liable
d) Principal liable
39. Master is not liable when servant acts:
a) Within employment
b) Outside employment
c) On duty
d) On instructions
40. Joint tortfeasors means:
a) One wrongdoer
b) Several wrongdoers jointly
c) Government liability
d) Strict liability
SECTION I – REMEDIES
41. Damages aim to:
a) Punish
b) Compensate
c) Award imprisonment
d) Threaten
42. Exemplary damages:
a) Punitive
b) Normal
c) Nominal
d) Liquidated
43. Injunction is:
a) Discretionary remedy
b) Mandatory remedy
c) Criminal remedy
d) Not available in tort
44. Self-help includes:
a) Defence of property
b) Damages
c) Defamation
d) Noise pollution
45. Remoteness of damages developed in:
a) Donoghue v. Stevenson
b) Rylands v. Fletcher
c) Hadley v. Baxendale
d) Grant v. AK Mills
SECTION J – SPECIFIC TORTS
46. Malicious prosecution requires:
a) Reasonable and probable cause
b) Favourable termination
c) No harm
d) No malice
47. Essential element of deceit is:
a) Honest belief
b) False statement knowingly made
c) Mistake
d) Silence
48. Assault means:
a) Physical contact
b) Threat creating apprehension
c) Written threat
d) Noise
49. Battery means:
a) Threat only
b) Physical contact without consent
c) Criminal charge
d) Strict liability
50. The rule in Donoghue v. Stevenson applies to:
a) Consumer protection
b) Neighbor principle
c) Duty of care
d) All of the above
#️⃣ ANSWER KEY + EXPLANATIONS
SECTION A — BASICS
1. c) Common law system.
2. a) Tort = civil wrong.
3. c) Damages are primary remedy.
4. a) Consent negates liability.
5. a) Damage but no legal injury → no liability.
SECTION B — DEFENCES
6. b) Accident unavoidable despite care.
7. a) Natural forces beyond control.
8. a) General defence.
9. b) Prevents greater harm.
10. b) Not a defence in tort.
SECTION C — NEGLIGENCE
11. b) Duty + breach + damage = negligence.
12. a) Donoghue v. Stevenson.
13. b) Neighbor principle relates to negligence.
14. a) Thing speaks for itself.
15. c) Classic case for res ipsa.
SECTION D — STRICT/ABSOLUTE LIABILITY
16. b) Rule from Rylands v. Fletcher.
17. a) Developed in M.C. Mehta.
18. b) Non-natural use of land required.
19. a) Act of God is an exception.
20. a) Absolute liability has no exceptions.
SECTION E — NUISANCE
21. b) Enjoyment of land affected.
22. b) Affects public at large.
23. a) Special damage must be shown.
24. c) Leading case in nuisance.
25. b) Injunction + damages.
SECTION F — DEFAMATION
26. a) Relates to reputation.
27. a) Written form.
28. b) Spoken form.
29. a) Fair comment = defence.
30. b) Must be false + published.
SECTION G — TRESPASS
31. a) Direct interference.
32. a) Injury to goods.
33. a) Wrongful dominion over goods.
34. a) License is defence.
35. a) Must be total restraint.
SECTION H — VICARIOUS LIABILITY
36. b) Employer liable for employee’s tort during employment.
37. c) Lloyd v Grace Smith.
38. b) If servant goes on his own “frolic,” master not liable.
39. b) Outside employment → no liability.
40. b) Joint tortfeasors = several wrongdoers jointly liable.
SECTION I — REMEDIES
41. b) Aim is to compensate.
42. a) Punitive.
43. a) Injunction is discretionary.
44. a) Defence of property.
45. c) Principle from Hadley v. Baxendale.
SECTION J — SPECIFIC TORTS
46. b) Favourable termination is essential.
47. b) False statement knowingly made → deceit.
48. b) Assault = threat creating fear.
49. b) Battery = physical contact.
50. d) All of the above.
